LINGUISTICS RESEARCH METHOD “ANALYSIS OF MALAY ISOLECT KAMPUNG NELAYAN, TUNGKAL ILIR”
LINGUISTICS RESEARCH METHOD
“ANALYSIS OF MALAY ISOLECT
KAMPUNG NELAYAN, TUNGKAL ILIR”
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements on Linguistic Research
Method Subject.
Arranged
by :
Herlin
Jumantir
Husnaya
Sarah
Maryatul
Kipya
Nurlina
Rizki
Ramadhan
Submitted to:
Dr. Diana Rozelin, SS., MA.
ENGLISH
LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
ADAB AND
HUMANITY FACULTY
THE STATE
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SULTHAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI
2018
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrahmaanirrahiim, Alhamdulillahi Rabbil ‘alamiin.
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Praise to Allah who has given the writers a chance and healthy to
complete a mini thesis as final test assignment entitled “Analysis of Malay
Isolect Kampung Nelayan, Tungkal Ilir”. This research was made in order to complete Linguistics
Research Method subject. The writers would like to say thank you for Dr. Diana
Rozelin, SS, M.Hum as the lecturer of this subject and others who have helped
and supported the writers during this research and made it better. In writing
this mini thesis, the writers received many advices and helps from many people
and sources.
The writers
realize that this research is still far from perfection. Therefore, the writers
hope the critics and advices from various sides. At last, the writers hopes
this paper would be useful for its readers.
Wassalam.
Jambi, January 2018
The Writers
TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMEMT..................................................................................................
i
TABLE OF CONTENT......................................................................................................
ii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1
A.
Background
of Problem............................................................................................. 1
B.
Formulation
of The Problem...................................................................................... 2
C.
Objective
of Problem.................................................................................................
2
D.
Benefits
of Research.................................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER II LITERARTURE CONCEPT AND BASIS
THEORY........................... 4
A. Library Research......................................................................................................... 4
B. Linguistics................................................................................................................... 4
C. Dialect......................................................................................................................... 5
D. Phonology................................................................................................................... 5
E. Morphology ................................................................................................................ 5
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................................. 6
A.
Place
and Time of the Research............................................................................ 6
B.
Type of
Research................................................................................................... 6
C.
Data and
Sources................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER
IV FINDING AND ANALYSIS..................................................................... 8
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of
the Problem
Language
is a part of human life. Language is used as a tool of communicating among
human beings. By language, human is able to convey his intentions or wishes to
others. Language itself basically has two aspects namely aspects of form and
meaning. Aspects of form include sounds or symbols issued by the speaker while
the meaning aspect relates to the lexical facet or the spoken word or sentence
or grammatical structure as well as the purpose or intention of the speaker.
Both aspects are interrelated in communicating, causing the variation or
variety of language in terms of both lexical and literal and functional
meaning. Malay is the oldest language in Jambi Province including MelayuDuano
which is also one of the research objects held in KampungNelayan, Tungkalilir.
The
location of the research is taken by bus for 3-4 hours from Jambi City through
the rural route to TungkalCity. After entering aroundTungkal Kota to Ancol
Kuala Tungkal and travel to KampungNelayan can be continued with about 1KM
walk. KampungNelayan is located near the waterfront. The people of
KampungNelayan, TungkalIlir, the majority are Malay, Bugis and Duano. However,
researchers only focus on two ethnic groups namely the Malay and Duano tribes.
This research was conducted to analyze Malay isolect in KampungNelayan,
TungkalIlir with focus research is variation of dialect both in phonology and
lexical especially tribe of Malay and Duano tribe. The diversity of dialect of
language that can be seen in terms of lexical and inter-ethnic phonology
becomes an interesting research object. Differences in each of the language spoken
cause the diversity of the dialect.
Along with the
times, Jambi language undergoa change. Because the language is something
that is actually a liquid, means it can be changed. A lot of people do not even
know who forget their native language, especially young people .Any change must
always impact the difference in an order that has existed before it, change it
by itself can enrich and also can get rid of the order before it, Jambi as a
barometer of the diversity of Indonesian culture and rooted in everyday society
, changing times adults this further degrade the indigenous communities in a
cultural shift Jambi , Jambi people increasingly abandon their native culture.
There are
several regional languages Jambi were eroded by the changing times, Among
them:
1. Betepohbecome kaki.
2. Tamis become menangis.
3. Royubecomekayu.
4. Telok
becometelur.
From
the examples above , you can bet a lot of people now who do not know the
vocabulary . If this is allowed to continue, and nobody acted to save the
language , and preserve it in everyday life .
Based
on the above tragedy , we as an intelligent student , researching and documenting
the language data from several areas in Jambi Province especially in TanjungJabung Barat (Kuala
Tungkal) at the village KampungNelayan is in neighborhood association 03, 05,
08, and 17.
B.
Formulation of
the Problem
1.
Are there any similarities
between Duano and Malay tribe?
2.
Is there a
kinship between Duano and Malay tribe?
3.
How do people
in those two tribes preserve their native language?
C.
Purpose of the
Research
1.
To know any
similarities between Duano and Malay tribe.
2.
To know a
kinship between Duano and Malay tribe.
3.
To know how
people in those two tribes preserve their native language.
D.
Objective of
Research
From the problem formulation above
can be taken goal following problems:
1.
. Looking
whether there are any similarities between those two tribes.
2.
Finding kinship
between those two tribes.
3.
Knowing how
people in those two tribes to preserve the nativelanguage nominally.
E.
Benefits of the
Research
In conducting this study, we hope the results will be useful for:
1. The Office
of Jambi language. Jambi office in order to be able to document the language
and local languages so as not to be lost with the advent languages or
Indonesian slang .
2. The Ministry
of Social Affairs, because language is the liaison in the community, one
of them for social interaction.
3. Student /
students. So that they know about the diversity of language which is owned by
the people of Jambi.
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE CONCEPTS AND BASIS THEORY
A.
Library
Research
In
this chapter, the authors elaborated on previous research study, relating to
issues discussed on this occasion, the concepts used in this study, as well as
the theoretical basis used as the basis for the authors to conduct research.
Jambi
is an area that has linguistics diversity in those tribes, in this case
the researchers focused on three villages in the KampungNelayan, TanjungJabung
Barat, TungkalIlir. Previous office jambi language must have been doing
research on jambi language, then we conducted research to meet the study
Linguistic Research Method. From the explanation above, the author can make an
analyzing with title : “Isolect of Malay language at KampungNelayan, in
TungkalIlir”.
B.
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguisticsis
a sphere of activities involving language study (and its products such as
journal articles) in which no linguist engages except some of the time.[1]Linguistics
can be defided into two kinds, internal and external. Internal linguistics
consists of, morphology, syntax, phonology, and semantics. The external
linguistics consists of, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, pshycolinguistics, and
semiotics. Under one common definition, linguistics theory is the study of the
psychological system of language; that is, of the unconcious knowledge that
lies behind our ability to produce and interpret utterances in a language.
According to Diana Rozelin in her
thesis, Linguistics also discusses
thecomparative historical linguistics and dialectology. The
second field of study is basically analyze the language but have. First, the field
of study of comparative historical linguistics point of
observation is looking for mother language by comparing two or
more languages which different. This knowledge usinglexicostatistics technique which aims
to find a wordthat same. Second, dialectology observethedevelopmentisolectsunder onelanguage the
same, to find a different word. The technique used in this
study isdialectometrytechnique.
C.
Dialect
The branch of diachronic linguistics is dialect. Dialect is a
systematic variety of a language specific to a particular region or social
class. One point that must be made at the outside that a dialect is an
abstraction, at theoretical construct hypothesized by linguists to account for
subsystems of regularities within a particular language. Informally, we might
say that each subsystem is a dialect. It must be kept in mind, however, that in
reality every native speaker of a language speaks his or her own idiolect, one
shading into the other. When a significant number of idiolects share a common
set of features not share by other idiolects, then we might say that this group
of idiolects forms by a dialect.
D.
Phonology
Phonology is one of the branch of
linguistics. Phonology is the study of the sound system of language: the result
that govern pronunciation. According to Robins “Phonology is concerned
with the patterns and organization of languages in terms of phonetic features
and categorizes involved”[2]. According
to McManis, Phonology is concerned with how these sounds are systematically
organized in a language, how they are combined two form words, how they are
categorized by and interpreted in the minds of speakers.[3]
Phonology is based on the theory of what
known unconsciously by every speaker about language sound, pattern and to
analyze those sounds of language according to their function, of course
different from the phonetic studying the sound of language according to its
pronunciation.
E.
Morphology
Morphology
is the study of word formation. Morphology is the study of the minimal
meaningful units of language. It studies the structure of words.[4]The
word morphology itself comes from the Greek words morpheme which means
‘form’. Morphology is to words what syntax is to sentences. That is,
morphology is the study of the architecture of words, just as syntax is the
study of the architecture of sentences. Illustrates the fact that words are
made up of meaningful units (morphemes). Illustrate the fact that some
morphemes have meaning in and of themselves (lexical morphemes), while other
specify the relationship between one lexical morpheme and another (grammatical
morpheme). Illustrates the fact some morphemes, called free morphemes, can
stand alone as words, while other called bound morphemes.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A.
Place and Time
of the Research
This research was done in KampungNelayan,
Kuala TungkalIlir, the one of regency in Jambi Province. This research focus on
two tribes, it was at neighborhood association 08, 17 and 17. This research was
done more or less in threemonths starting from November, December 2017 and
January 2018.
B.
Types of
Research
This
type of research there are two (2) that is qualitative research andquantitative
research. This study used interchangeably. In the early stages using
quantitative research, The second stage uses qualitative research to describe
the data associated with the lexical data, the data phonological and
morphological.
Quantitative Research
often called the positivistic or traditional methods, because of its appearance
earlier than the qualitative study which is called by the new method."Quantitative
research seeks to describe a limited phenomenon objectively and determine
control of the phenomenon (conducted) through interventions" (Muhammad,
2011: 19). Thus, this study tested the initial assumptions found in the field.
Quantitative research using comparative method, namely the calculation results
of data found in the field.
In
doing the research, the researcher use QuantitativeandQualitativemethod. The
researcher go to the village and write it into the document and make the conclusion
in a word. There are 200 gloss in our analysis, and there are 100 gloss lexical
differences, there are 87 gloss phonological, and 13 gloss zero differences.The
researchers do the analysis in the three neighborhood, 08,17 and 17.
C.
Data and Data
Sources
Data
were obtained from selected informants. This linguistic data as fonem, lexicon,
and morpheme. Data can also be referred to as "research material, or more
precisely finished materials research" (Sudaryanto,1990: 9). The collected
data included in the tabulation, so that data is stored properly.
The sampling
technique used in this research is purposive sampling technique. Purposive
technique sampling is "informant retrieval techniques that do not provide
opportunities or equal opportunity for each element or member of the population
to be elected as informants"( Sugiyono , 2011: 84-85 ).
CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND ANALYSIS
This content discuss about the dialect from the people in
KampungNelayan, TungkalIlir. This research was done in KampungNelayan, Kuala
TungkalIlir, the one of regency in Jambi Province. This research focus on two
tribes, it was at neighborhood association 03, 05, 06, 08 and 17.the data can
be seen below and the complete data can be seen in the end of the paper.
|
NO
|
GLOSS
|
INFORMAN
|
INFORMAN
|
INFORMAN
|
INFORMAN
|
INFORMAN
|
INFORMAN
|
INFORMAN
|
INFORMAN
|
BL
|
BF
|
Z
|
|
|
|
Sainah (1)
|
Khalijah (2)
|
Dahlan (3)
|
Mi'ad (4)
|
M. Yani ( 5)
|
Julianti (6)
|
Maslah/Syael(7)
|
Andri (8)
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
TANGAN
|
/taƞan/
|
/taƞan/
|
/taƞan/
|
/kukƆt/
|
/kƱt/
|
/taŋan/
|
/kukƱt/
|
/taŋan/
|
BL
|
|
|
|
2
|
KIRI
|
/kiRi/
|
/kiRi/
|
/kiRi/
|
/kiRi/
|
/kiRi/
|
/kiRi/
|
/kiri/
|
/kiri/
|
|
BF
|
|
|
3
|
KANAN
|
/kanan/
|
/kanan/
|
/kanan/
|
/kanan/
|
/kanan/
|
/kanan/
|
/kanan/
|
/kanan/
|
|
|
O
|
|
4
|
KAKI
|
/kaki/
|
/kaki/
|
/kaki/
|
/betepƱh/
|
/tepu/
|
/kaki/
|
/kaki/
|
/tepu/
|
BL
|
|
|
|
5
|
BERJALAN
|
/bejalan/
|
/jalan/
|
/bejalan/
|
/bejalɪn/
|
/bejalɪn/
|
/jalan/
|
/jalɪn/
|
/jalɪn/
|
|
BF
|
|
|
6
|
JALAN
|
/jalan/
|
/jalan/
|
/jalan /
|
/jalɪn/
|
/jalɪn/
|
/jalan/
|
/jalɪn/
|
/jalɪn/
|
|
BF
|
|
|
7
|
DATANG
|
/dataƞ/
|
/dataƞ/
|
/dataƞ/
|
/dataƞ/
|
/tEkiyu/
|
/ dataŋ/
|
/kukal/
|
/kal/
|
BL
|
|
|
|
8
|
BELOK
|
/bEloʔ/
|
/belƆʔ/
|
/belƆʔ/
|
/belƆʔ/
|
/belƆ/
|
/belͻʔ/
|
/belƆ/
|
/belƆ/
|
|
BF
|
|
|
9
|
BERENANG
|
/berenaƞ/
|
/berenaƞ/
|
/berenaƞ/
|
/bereƞ/
|
/beloηϽi/
|
/berenaŋ/
|
/noŋoi/
|
/noŋoi/
|
BL
|
|
|
|
10
|
KOTOR
|
/kotƆr/
|
/kotƆr/
|
/kotƆr/
|
/kotƆ/
|
/caRaɁ/
|
/kotͻR/
|
/kƆtƆ/
|
/kƆtƆ/
|
BL
|
|
|
We have 200 vocabularies to do this research, and the analysis data
find the lexical differences 100 words, zero 13 words, and phonology 87 words
in the source language. From the data there are so many lexical differences,
prove that they will not to speak each other because their language is same
each other.
The next, the researcher compare the language from Malay tribe and
Duano tribe and the result of all dialect’s variation of
every DL applied with dialectometry formula, the results are DL 1:2 = 32%, DL
1:3 = 50%, DL 1:4 = 77%, DL 1:5=89%,DL 1:6=62%,DL 1:7=89%, DL 1:8=86%,DL
2:3=43%, DL 2:4=83%,DL 2:5=83%, DL 2:6=56%, DL 2:7=89%,DL 2:8=82%, DL
3:4=75%,DL 3:5=83%, 3:6=59%,DL 3:7=79%, DL 3:8=85%,DL 4:5=71 %, DL 4:6=86%, DL
4:7=83%, DL 4:8=79%, DL 5:6=88%, DL 5:7=80%, DL 5:8=73%, DL 6:7=86%, DL
6:8=79%, DL 7:8=73%. As for the exposure by using the following table.These are the data of the comparison between each tribe below and
the complete data can be seen in the end of the paper:
|
No.
|
GLOSS
|
1:2
|
1:3
|
1:4
|
1:5
|
1:6
|
1:7
|
1:8
|
2:3
|
2:4
|
2:5
|
2:6
|
2:7
|
2:8
|
3:4
|
3:5
|
3:6
|
3:7
|
3:8
|
|
1
|
TANGAN
|
-
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
-
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
-
|
|
2
|
KAKI
|
-
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
-
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
-
|
+
|
|
3
|
DATANG
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
-
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
|
4
|
BERENANG
|
-
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
|
5
|
KOTOR
|
-
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
Jumlah
|
32
|
50
|
77
|
89
|
62
|
89
|
86
|
43
|
83
|
83
|
56
|
89
|
82
|
75
|
83
|
59
|
79
|
85
|
|
|
Persentase
(%)
|
32
|
50
|
77
|
89
|
62
|
89
|
86
|
43
|
83
|
83
|
56
|
89
|
82
|
75
|
83
|
59
|
79
|
85
|
|
|
DL
|
SD
|
SD
|
D
|
L
|
D
|
L
|
L
|
SD
|
L
|
L
|
D
|
L
|
L
|
D
|
L
|
D
|
D
|
L
|
S/n x 100=…%
Description:
D = Dialect’s variation
SD = Sub Dialect’s variation
L =Language variation[5]
DOCUMENTATIONS
---Picture
with InformanKhalijah Rt. 17---
---Picture
with InformanTukDahlan Rt.06---
---Picture
with InformanSainah Rt.08---
CURRICULUM VITAE OF THE RESEARCHER
Researcher
I
Name : HerlinJumantir
Student’s number : AI. 150303
Date and Place
of Birth :
MusiBanyuasin, 31 Januari 1996
Address :
Jl. Lingkar Barat RT. 04 Kel. Bagan Pete Kec. Kota Baru Jambi
Number Phone :
082279852212
Background of Education :
1.
2002-2008 :SDN SimpangKurun
2.
2008-2011 :SMPN 3 BayungLencir
3.
2011-2014 :SMAN 3 Muaro Jambi
4.
2015-2018 : UIN STS JAMBI
Research : IsolectMelayuTungkalIlir (2017-2018)
Researcher
II
Name : Husnaya Sarah
Student’s number : AI. 150304
Date and Place
of Birth : 09 Juni
2017, Jambi
Address :
Jl. Raya Kasangpudak Rt.41, Kec. Kumpehulu, Kab.Muara Jambi
Number Phone : 082352647706
Email :-
Background of Education :
1.
2002-
2008 : SDN 168/X
TanjungNangkoKec.KumpehuluKab. Muaro Jambi
2.
2008-
2011 : MTSN Jambi Timur
3.
2011-2014 : MAN 3 Kota Jambi
4.
2015-2018 : UIN STS JAMBI
Research : IsolectMelayuTungkalIlir (2017-2018)
Researcher
III
Name : MaryatulKipya
Student’s number : AI. 150311
Date and Place
of Birth : Padang
Kelapo, 06 April 1996
Address :
Jl. Ness 5 DesaPetajen, MuaroBulian, Kec. Bajubang, Kab. Batanghari, Prov.
Jambi
Number Phone :
082210451736
Background of Education :
1.
2003-2009
: SDN 127/1 Petajen
2.
2009-2012 : SMPN 13 Batanghari
3.
2012-2015 : SMAN 10 Batanghari
4.
2015-2018 : UIN STS JAMBI
Research : IsolectMelayuTungkalIlir (2017-2018)
Researcher
IV
Name : Nurlina
Student’s number : AI. 150326
Date and Place
of Birth : Penegah,
11 Oktober 1995
Address :
Jl. Kapt. Patimura Rt. 34, Lrg. Citra, TelanaiPura. Kota Jambi
Number Phone :
082282895977
Background of Education :
5.
2002-
2008 : SDN 29 Penegah, Sarolangun
6.
2008-
2011 : MTS Tarbiyatussa’dahdanSarolangun
7.
2011-2014 : SMKN 1 Sarolangun
8.
2015-2018 : UIN STS JAMBI
Research : IsolectMelayuTungkalIlir (2017-2018)
Researcher
V
Name : RizkiRamadhan
Student’s number : AI. 150342
Date and Place
of Birth : Jambi, 07 Februari
1997
Address :
Jl. Pakubuwono, Rt.30/08 Kec.JambitimurKel.Tanjungpinabg
Number Phone :
082282895977
Email :
Background of Education :
1.
2002-
2008 : SDN 165 kota Jambi
2.
2008-
2011 : SMPN 9 Kota Jambi
3.
2011-2014 : Ponpes. Daarul Qur’an Tanggerang
4.
2015-2018 : UIN STS JAMBI
Research : IsolectMelayuTungkalIlir (2017-2018)
[1]Agha,
A. (2007).The Object Called “Language”
and the Subject of Linguistics. Journal of
English Linguistics, 35.3, p. 217-218.
[2]
Robins, R.H.(1975).General Linguistics: An Introductory Survey. London:
Longman Group Limited.
[3]McManis
and Carolyn.(1987).Language Files, Material for An Introduction to Language.Compilers
of the Four
Edition. America: The Ohio
State University Department of Linguistics.
[4]Kracht, Marcus.
Introduction to Linguistics, p. 79
[5]Rozelin,
Diana.(2016).IsolectMelayu Jambi Seberang di Daerah Aliran Sungai (Das)
Batanghari Jambi.Widyaparwa ,41 , p. 1-12
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